TEXTILES

Global demand for technical textiles is on the rise as new applications and new markets continue to emerge, according to the latest issue of Technical Textile Markets from the business information company Textiles Intelligence.

Over the long term, global demand for technical textiles is expected to rise by 5% per annum, providing myriad opportunities for manufacturers supplying a number of different sectors -- notably automotive, construction, environment, energy and medical.

In many developing and newly industrialised countries, the use of technical textiles in industrial applications will intensify, thus providing enormous opportunities internationally.Demand is also being stimulated by the increasing need for mobility, where technical textiles can play an important role by improving the attributes of products made by the automotive industry.

In vehicle construction, technical textiles have an important role to play in increasing the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers, and reducing the amount of energy consumed by vehicles.More ambitiously, the use of technical textiles can help the automotive industry to comply with EU directives aimed at reducing CO2 emissions.

Panels and components made from carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are now being used in mass produced vehicles to reduce vehicle weight and hence fuel consumption.In the construction industry, the technical textile industry should profit from an increase in global demand for infrastructure, where technical textiles can be used for both functional and visual reasons.

For instance, embankments and shore areas can be strengthened and stabilised using geotextiles based on natural materials, such as jute. Energy consumption in buildings can be reduced by using textile-based insulating materials.

Gel paper fabric for Textile Art

Textile art has brought in an interesting art structure that one wonders how it is possible to make the best of the gel paper for textile art. Variety of stitches and images on paper fabric is wonderful but how did they do it? Let get to know how to make the gel paper fabric with few of the tips that is made in use by the textile projects. Below is the procedure on how to make the gel paper that acts as your base for textile art.

Have you tried any of the preparatory methods in making a deco paper? They are simple to practice as follows. Try your hands with the textile art paper making, by following the steps one at a time to make your procedure clear. First step is to collect different colors of tissues that are available at your home from lighter shades to darker ones. Keep off more bold set out stains of colors. Delicacy is the main formula to start the paper preparation.

Next step is to collect images and patterns for the required theme say Paris, Egypt, flowers, still images etc. cut down few of the pictures from magazines that can be fixed as stamp ones. Make your materials ready to get started and set up working upon. Turn into pieces the tissues onto the muslin fabric gluing them one after other. Allow the tissues to dry out completely for neat work. Start with the next tissue and continue to make different colored patterns with hues over the fabric. Make use of the glue to fix every paper pieces one after another in uneven pattern so that they from a new look. The ultimate goal is to cover the whole surface with tissues on different shades.

Once they are done, move on to images that are cut ready. Place them in a lovely manner that makes sense with your creativity forming a appealing look. Glue them to the fabric surface of tissues with glue as medium.

Make your creativity work by adding sparkles, buttons, small artificial flowers, glitters and small mirror or pieces of pebble like stones to make them look spicy and attractive.

DENIM

Arvind Ltd., a leading denim producer and retailer in India, unveiled its first 'Arvind Experience Store' at Baroda in Gujarat, which is the firm’s eighth outlet in the country.The company intends to launch in all 100 such outlets pan-India, through 2011-12.Mr Sanjay Lalbhai, Chairman and Managing Director of Arvind Ltd.

while speaking about the company’s future plans said that, they have already launched seven such outlets in Andhra Pradesh, and with launch of the first outlet in Gujarat, they are eyeing to launch another 92 outlets nationwide to take the total number of outlets to 100 by close of current fiscal year.‘

Arvind Experience Store’ is a prototype for the fabric retail channel. The store supports a contemporary and innovative layout, and on display is the entire range of Arvind products. The store, offers tailoring and complete lifestyle solution.The Baroda outlet is spread out on an area of 2000 sq ft and displays top-notch brands like Flying Machine, US POLO and Arrow.

Speaking further, Sanjay said that, Arvind Denim Labs, a concept unique to the Arvind outlet, for the first time would specially stitch washed jeans for their customers. Each of these orders would be specially customized as per customer’s preferences and specifications.

Alongside this, the company also has launched hand-crafted bespoke denim in India for the first time.The denim segment of these new Arvind stores would have a special section particularly catering to the youth and formal wear.

Global Competitiveness of Textile Industry

On the base of understanding the meaning of ecological textiles, this paper states the necessity of developing ecological textiles in China and states the function of the ecological textile authentications.

By comparative analysis and according to the situation of textiles manufacturing in China, this paper puts forwards some practical suggestions on how to reach relevant ecological textile technical standards so as to produce ecological textiles of high quality to meet the consumers demands for various kinds of healthful textiles and finally suggests that only producing ecological textiles, can the textile industry stand firmly in the world market.

China has been the largest country in textile production and export in the world and the textile industry is playing a vital role in our national economy. The textiles made in China have long been famous for their excellent quality and reasonable price and occupied a larger market share in the world market.

However, with the sharp increase in the world market prices, the textile industry in China is losing its competitive advantage.

With the development of social economy and the progress of human civilization, peoples environmental notions and green consumption consciousness are getting stronger and stronger and their demands for various kinds of textiles are becoming higher and higher.

Better results in 2011

The Industrial Fabrics Association International has released its "Market Watch: Geosynthetics Market Snapshot" for 2011.

The report's chief focus is on the U.S. geosynthetics marketplace, particularly as it relates to market size and growth, predominate materials/polymers; applications used in the U.S. market, trends, opportunities, threats, and market outlook.

IFAI Market Research Manager Jeff Rasmussen created this report to give businesses the essential data they need to make informed decisions. The IFAI report data was derived from a 2010 IFAI survey of its U.S./Canadian geosynthetics member suppliers and distributors. Secondary research also supplemented the results presented in this snapshot.

Rasmussen described some of the snapshot's insights: "For 2010, 56 percent of geosynthetic suppliers/distributors surveyed reported they would achieve favorable sales; and only 18 percent reported they would incur unfavorable sales in 2010--much improved over a down market in 2009."The survey showed that 2009 was a difficult and trying time for geosynthetic suppliers/distributors

However, 2010 improved moderately in terms of sales and general business conditions.Said Rasmussen, "Overall, geosynthetic suppliers/distributors are optimistic that 2011 will yield better results for their geosynthetic business in terms of increased sales and an overall improvement in general business conditions."

WORLD TEXTILE CONFERRENCE BY TAI

Central Office is organizing a global level conference, for the first time in India, on a much larger scale and in a much broader format than our regular annual conference; World Textile Conference, it’s to be held in Mumbai on May 6 to May 7, 2011 at Intercontinental, The Lalit, Sahar Airport Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai.

The theme of this conference is “Vision 2020: Emerging New Opportunities Worldwide and Challenging Business Strategies.”The aim of the conference is to provide an interactive opportunity, and to create a very positive atmosphere where the entire textile fraternity can benefit by discussing, meeting and knowing each other and enhance our cumulative strength.

The conference is expected to be the largest convergence of cohesive forces and intends to bring together all textile industry stakeholders like mill owners, corporate houses, trade associations, export councils, policy makers and industry leaders, CEOs, and senior professionals from the national and international industry and discuss large opportunities face to face.

The two-day conference will have eminent speakers, panelists and moderators including international experts to share their vision before an august audience of over 500 delegates.

Techtextil North America

Clarino America will exhibit in Booth 1401 at the upcoming Techtextil North America trade event from 15 to 17 March 2011 at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center in Las Vegas, NV.Clarino man-made leather and suede has long been utilized in various applications ranging from apparel, home furnishings, automotive, marine, industrial and sporting goods.

Clarino has built a strong reputation for quality and functionality with customers from this spectrum of industries.New for 2011 is the "Tirrenina" branded material. It is particularly well suited for industrial applications, such as liquid and air filtration.

There are also uses for conveyor belts, polishing, and wringer rolls. Tirrenina substrates that are suitable for industrial applications will be on display at Techtextil 2011 and staff will be on hand to meet with customers and to explore new opportunities.

CLARINO, a division of Kuraray Co., Ltd. is a global leader in the manufacture of non-woven microfiber material, and continues to be the leading innovator in the production of synthetic leather.

CLARINO materials have a wide variety of applications that include athletic and casual footwear, apparel, sports balls and gloves, furniture, and automotive interiors.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

The existence of human beings on earth is the result of a fortuitous set of circumstances in which conditions for development of the species were present so that evolution could take place allowing us to reach our present state of being.

Our tenuous continuation could be jeopardized at any time by changes in these conditions, and this far-reaching effect could result from shifts which might be totally insignificant by cosmic standards. They could bring about, for example, our inability to breathe, or stay warm or cool enough, or grow the food we need. Thus, we are only able to survive because our planet provides all the sustenance we need without major effort on our part.

We can broadly define this set of conditions to which we are exposed as our environment. One of the minor ways by which we reduce the risk of premature extinction is to guard our bodies from excessive temperature fluctuation by the use of textiles. Textiles are also used to make life more comfortable or convenient for us. Without them, we would find life harsher, and probably not survive with the same life expectancy as we do now.

Textiles are manufactured to perform a wide range of functions and are made up of different types of fibres mixed in varying proportions. In general, applications of fibers belong to the following three broad categories: apparel, home furnishing, and industrial. Most of the fiber products are for short term (e.g. disposables) to medium term (e.g. apparel, carpet, automotive interior) use, lasting up to a few years in their service life. While the textile industry has a long history of being thrifty with its resources, a large proportion of unnecessary waste is still produced each year.

Commercially, textile waste generation is influenced by the production of textile goods, higher the production, the greater the amount of waste. This is in turn a function of consumer demand, which is influenced by the state of the economy. While this may have a limited impact on the waste production in the manufacturing sector, it can have a much greater influence on the production of household textile waste.

Consumers react to changes in fashion both in clothing and household interior designs. Seasonal changes in fashion mean that clothes can become outdated very quickly, and this encourages the replacement and disposal of outdated, yet good quality garments. Consequently, manufacturers will increasingly develop high quantities of low durability clothing in response to a 'throwaway society'.

Economic prosperity also influences this trend, as the production of textiles increases with consumer spending, so does waste production from both the manufacturing and household sectors.

3D FABRICS

3D fabrics are the focus of rapid development due to their versatile physical, structural attributes and application scopes.

These fabrics can be produced in various architectures which offers a great deal of opportunity to modify the weight, aesthetics, properties and cost of the various products. 3D fabrics have wide methods in terms of manufacturing.

This paper will discuss about various manufacturing techniques for 3D fabric and their potential end uses in the market.

Three dimensionally woven textiles are not only beautiful, they also have the potential to change the way aircraft and other complex structures are built.

Different authors define 3D fabrics in different ways. Greenwood 3D fabrics are those fabrics which have substantial measurement in three dimensions as compared to the conventional fabrics, which will have measurement in two dimensions only.

According to Khokar 3D fabric is defined as a single-fabric system the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually perpendicular plane relationship; this definition doesn't consider multilayer and some other type of fabrics to be of 3D type.

Hearle gives definition of 3D fabrics as 3D fabrics are thick planar sheets or shaped solid forms with multiple layers of yarns, hollow structures and thin 3D shells.

TECHNOLOGY MISSION

Government of India on Thursday, January 20th launched its 5 year national mission on technical textiles to boost the growth of the nascent nonwovens and specialty textiles sector.The plan has an outlay of US $45 million (200 crores Indian rupees) and the timeframe will be from 2011-2015.

This was announced by Mrs. Rita Menon, India's Textile Secretary in an event jointly organized by the Ministry of Textiles, India and the trade body, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) in New Delhi.Under this mission there are two mini-missions. Mini-mission I will focus on establishing four new centers of excellence and enhance the R& D capabilities in India.

The four centers planned are nonwovens, composites, indutech and sportech.Each center will be given a maximum of US $ 5.45 million (Rupees. 24.5 crores). Mini-mission II will focus on the marketing aspects to boost both domestic consumption and export opportunities.It is hoped that funds will be disbursed soon so that projects can begin as early in April this year.

A conference has been convened for interested parties in Mumbai by the Office of Textile Commissioner on January 25th.The mission opens-up opportunities for fiber producers, consultants and machinery makers. The mission will explore all sorts of fibers such as cotton, recycled fibers and processes in developing products and will build a good knowledge base through contract R & D at different institutes.

TEXTILES

Winner Medical Group Inc a leading manufacturer of medical dressings, medical disposables and non woven fabric made from 100% natural PurCotton products in China, announced that it was honored to receive the Shenzhen Baoan District Quality Award from the Market Supervision Administration of Shenzhen Municipality.

Winner Medical was awarded the top honor from a field of over 30 applicants, having undergone a rigorous evaluation by an independent board of examiners.The Award recognizes Winner Medical's management team and quality, and affirms the Company is operating at a global management level and is able to compete with world-class organizations.

The Award further spurs Winner Medical to continuously improve its quality, management and overall performance to enhance its competitiveness.The Shenzhen Baoan District Quality Award is the District's highest honor for quality and organizational performance, excellence through innovation, improvement and visionary leadership.

The evaluation of the Award is based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria (or 'Baldrige Performance Excellence Program') in seven key categories: leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, workforce focus, process management and results.

The Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence not only provides a systems perspective for understanding performance management, but most importantly, it offers excellent and integral tools to self-assess and compare with applicants' benchmarks to achieve sustainable development.

DENIM

Denim has gained much popularity that if you look around, you will surely notice somebody wearing denim in your nearby. Now, more than just complementing a rugged style, the denim has become suitable for any occasion. Denim is being worn irrespective of demographic differences.

The material denim is synonymous with familiar blue jeans and is denoted by a rugged twill textile that produces the familiar diagonal ribbing.

Today, there are around twenty Denim manufacturers in India alone catering to the domestic and export markets.

The manufacturing facilities are fast catching up at Bangladesh, Pakistan and Vietnam. Denim today is now available in various shades of blue, black and brown within each there are different effects generated by washing.

As Denim is a competitive market product, there will always be pressure on price and quality. One can gain upper hand in pricing if their manufacturing cost is low. One of the ways of reducing the manufacturing cost is reducing the raw material cost, reducing the production losses and reducing the second's generation.

Quality Assurance in Denim mill can thus significantly help in achieving the above objectives. Academically, Quality Assurance may be defined as "the planned and systematic activities implemented in a system for fulfilling the quality requirements of a product or service."

The current paper highlights in brief various check points employed in Denim mill for arresting the non conformities so as to reduce the production losses and quality down gradations.

POLYSTER FIBRE

Outlast Technologies, leader in heat management and moisture reduction technology, announces the introduction of Outlast polyester fiber. After extensive research and development, Outlast has succeeded in creating the first-ever heat management polyester fibers extending the range of applications and markets in which the technology can be used.

The newest member of the Outlast fiber family is a bi-component fiber with a phase change material (PCM) core and polyester sheath. Other Outlast fibers include Outlast viscose and Outlast acrylic with PCM.

Staple fibers of the polyester will launch in the market first, followed by filament fiber.“Outlast is a leading R&D company in the PCM industry and the launch of Outlast polyester fiber demonstrates our commitment to innovation,” says Greg Roda, president and CEO of Outlast Technologies. “Outlast viscose and Outlast acrylic have seen great success and this new polyester fiber allows Outlast technology to infiltrate the functional apparel market, leading to company growth on a global level.”

Outlast polyester features the unique added value of heat management with the same characteristics of other polyester fibers: low moisture absorption, ability to transport moisture, improved wrinkle resistance, water and wind resistance as well as high tearing and abrasion resistance.

Outlast polyester is perfectly suited for functional apparel and other applications worn next to skin including t-shirts, socks, base layers, athletic wear and under wear all offering superior comfort..

DENIM

Denim has gained much popularity that if you look around, you will surely notice somebody wearing denim in your nearby. Now, more than just complementing a rugged style, the denim has become suitable for any occasion. Denim is being worn irrespective of demographic differences. The material denim is synonymous with familiar blue jeans and is denoted by a rugged twill textile that produces the familiar diagonal ribbing.

Today, there are around twenty Denim manufacturers in India alone catering to the domestic and export markets. The manufacturing facilities are fast catching up at Bangladesh, Pakistan and Vietnam. Denim today is now available in various shades of blue, black and brown within each there are different effects generated by washing.

As Denim is a competitive market product, there will always be pressure on price and quality. One can gain upper hand in pricing if their manufacturing cost is low. One of the ways of reducing the manufacturing cost is reducing the raw material cost, reducing the production losses and reducing the second's generation.

Quality Assurance in Denim mill can thus significantly help in achieving the above objectives. Academically, Quality Assurance may be defined as "the planned and systematic activities implemented in a system for fulfilling the quality requirements of a product or service."

current paper highlights in brief various check points employed in Denim mill for arresting the non conformities so as to reduce the production losses and quality down gradations.

TEXTILES

Kraig Biocraft Laboratories, Inc. announced that the Company, working in cooperation with leading laboratories, is synthesizing DNA sequences and genetic constructs for its second generation of advanced spider silk based polymers.

The artificial DNA constructs which the company is creating were specifically developed with the technical textiles market in mind."These new designer DNA sequences are being rolled out as a part of our plan to build on our recent success by creating new materials and new products," said Kraig's CEO Kim Thompson.

"These new genetic constructs are being created right now, for use in the production of a new class of high performance fibers. We are developing this next generation of genetically modified silk fibers specifically to capture a share of the technical textiles market. This is the primary market for high strength fibers and is currently estimated at $120 billion. We believe that these revolutionary materials will have tremendous potential in the technical textiles marketplace for high strength fibers.

""High strength designer fibers have the potential to satisfy the multi-billion dollar demand for new materials with tremendous strength-to-weight ratios," Thompson continued. "Based upon what we learned in the process of developing our first generation of revolutionary fibers, we believe that these second generation designer DNA sequences have the potential to significantly increase raw strength-to-weight ratios.

"Kraig Biocraft Laboratories recently announced its scientific and commercial breakthrough in producing genetically engineered (recombinant) spider silk in a scalable and cost effective platform. The biotechnology company is a leader in the development of genetic engineering technologies with applications for the global textile markets.

LATEST CROP RESEARCH

Those who took part in field tours traveled through 600 acres of land, including about 60 acres of cotton fields. They stopped along the way for informational presentations on research including irrigation and monitoring techniques, new varieties and planting dates, weed control and insect management, spokeswoman Ginger Rowsey said.

The event lasted from 8 a.m. to noon, with tours starting at 8:30 a.m. according to officials at the center, which is part of the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture.

Rowsey drove up the winding gravel road between 600 acres of land herself. Wilting, dark brown sunflowers line the right side of the road, and brown harvested corn leaves form the left side leading up to the cotton bolls. The gray and cloud-thick sky served as a backdrop for the agriculture institute's leading research, and the 600 acres of land as classroom space.

"It is an outdoor classroom really, and it allows farmers the chance to see up close and personally the different varieties, different planting dates, different weed and pest management techniques," Rowsey said.

The agriculture institute's farm is different from traditional farms because it is operated largely for educational purposes.

"Instead of just reading about it in a book or looking at it on the Internet, they can actually see it in person, so that's why we do this day," Rowsey said.

Experts showcased the new cotton varieties so farmers would be able to see which crops were doing best and how to increase profits on their farms, said Chris Main, extension cotton specialist for the University of Tennessee.

The most useful information has been row crop weed specialist Larry Steckel's seminar in controlling herbicide-resistant weeds because weed control is one of the biggest problems in farm maintenance, Main said.

Loyalty Lift Retail Sales

Apparel business has grown to become highly competitive, and retailers have to mull strategies. Having a competitive edge in the business world is vital. Rather than relaying on other tricks of trade, retailers prefer to establish a one-to-one relationship with their customers to improve their sales performance. With an intention to enhance their customer base significantly, retailers seek for Loyalty Programs to gain direct access to their customers. It enables them to identify, communicate, and market to the end users, and also maintain the distributor relationships at the same time.

As per a recent market survey, considering their buying attitudes, apparel shoppers can be classified into three main categories. Fashion forward customers, looking for latest style clothing, conservative customers who prefer a traditional look in their garments, and value driven consumers who give more preference to value and comfort comparatively over style. Fashion forward customers comprise of 16% of the population, while conservative customers make 34%, and the remaining 50% is of value driven customers. Of this, conservative consumers are more motivated by the loyalty programs, and store credit cards.

A survey states that 76% of the retailers, and 75% of the shoppers are engaged in one loyalty program. One third of the customers are involved in multiple loyalty programs. Shoppers stop claims that almost 60% of its sales are from loyalty members. Many kinds of loyalty programs are followed. As customers bought apparels, they earned points that can be redeemed as merchandise rewards, or travel. Points can also be accumulated to acquire a more valuable reward later on. Special promotions are also offered during days important to the consumer such as anniversary, birthday etc. A top-up discount based on the frequency of visits can also be offered.

Brands also need to foster the loyalty of their customers so as to retain them, especially during tough times. Notable brands such as Westside, Adidas, Levis, and Spencers Retail have managed to keep their customer base intact through their loyalty programs, delivering immediate value, preference and personal significance. Product launches planned intermittently, and innovative loyalty programs facilitated them to ride the tide during recession.

Loyalty programs help to create an emotional bonding, thereby resulting in a life long customer relationship. They have gained immense popularity in the past decade. This is mainly due to the culture of entitlement, wherein the customers believe that they deserve a special treatment over the normal visitors due to their frequency in visiting the retailer. Retailers have learnt to smartly capitalize this attitude of the customers through their creative thoughts. It might cost them a little, but brings forth goodwill, and ultimately resulting in the long term relationship with them. They are now a key to revenue growth of any business. Thus, it can be precisely called as a Loyalty craze.

GENIUS

Eco-friendly home fashion brand Portico Home & Spa is introducing its GENIUS collection of luxuriously soft and breathable sheets made with a unique 60/40 percent blend of organic cotton and TENCEL MICRO during the HFPA New York Home Fashions Market September 13-17 at its showroom at 230 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1910, in New York City.

Portico is one of the only companies to have introduced such products to the North American market.

This collection is available in fig, stone, earth, and cloud colors and is perfect for homes or hotels interested in being stylish as well as environmentally conscious. TENCEL, a fine cellulose-based fiber made in a closed loop processing system, is known for being soft, wrinkle resistant, absorbent, and durable.Buyers will also be visiting a separate Portico showroom at the United Feather & Down offices at 1071 Avenue of the Americas featuring Portico’s Essential Bedding collection of comforters, pillows, blankets, and mattress pads made with 100 percent organic cotton.

Portico Home & Spa launched its first bed (blankets, coverlets, decorative pillows, duvets, shams, and sheets), and bath ( bath robes, rugs, towels) collection of items made with organic cotton at the Fall 2009 HFPA show.

This resulted in highly successful sales in both the United States and Canada. Portico anticipates sales in over 500 doors, more than double the current number, in major retailers in both countries by the end of 2010.

Noted author and green living expert Summer Rayne Oakes consults on the lines and serves as the Portico brand ambassador.

Textile Recycling

These days the 'rag and bone' men are textile reclamation businesses, which collect textiles for reuse (often abroad), and send material to the 'wiping' and 'flocking' industry and fibres to be reclaimed to make new garments. Textiles made from both natural and man-made fibres can be recycled.

It is estimated that more than 1 million tons of textiles are thrown away every year, with most of this coming from household sources. Textiles make up about 3% by weight of a household bin. At least 50% of the textiles we throw away are recyclable, however, the proportion of textile wastes reused or recycled annually in the US is only around 20%.

Although the majority of textile waste originates from household sources, waste textiles also arise during yarn and fabric manufacture, garment-making processes and from the retail industry. These are termed post-industrial waste, as opposed to the post-consumer waste which goes to jumble sales and charity shops. Together they provide a vast potential for recovery and recycling.

Recovery and recycling provide both environmental and economic benefits. Textile recovery:
Reduces the need for landfill space. Textiles present particular problems in landfill as synthetic (man-made fibers) products will not decompose, while woolen garments do decompose and produce methane, which contributes to global warming.

Reduces pressure on virgin resources.
Aids the balance of payments as we import fewer materials for our needs.
Results in less pollution and energy savings, as fibers do not have to be transported from abroad.
Reclaiming fiber avoids many of the polluting and energy intensive processes needed to make textiles from virgin materials, including: -
Savings on energy consumption when processing, as items do not need to be re-dyed or scoured.
Less effluent, as unlike raw wool, it does not have to be thoroughly washed using large volumes of water.
Reduction of demand for dyes and fixing agents and the problems caused by their use and manufacture.

How, what and where of recycling textiles:
The majority of post-consumer textiles are currently collected by charities like The Salvation Army, Good Will and Chalk. Some charities, for example Good Will and The Salvation Army, sort collected material selling it on to merchants in the appropriate sectors.
Some postindustrial waste is recycled 'in-house', usually in the yarn and fabric manufacturing sector. The rest, aside from going to landfill or incineration, is sent to merchants.
Collection Method's:
At present the consumer has the option of putting textiles in 'clothes banks', taking them to charity shops or having them picked up for a donation drive.

The Salvation Army is the largest operator of textile banks in the US. On average, each of these banks is estimated to collect about six tons of textiles per year. Combined with door-to-door collections, The Salvation Army's textile recycling operations account for the processing of in excess of 17,000 tons of clothing a year. Clothes are given to the homeless, sold in charity shops or sold in developing countries in Africa, the Indian sub-continent and parts of Eastern Europe. Nearly 70% of items put into clothing banks are reused as clothes, and any un-wearable items are sold to merchants to be recycled and used as factory wiping cloths.

Take your used clothes to a textile bank. Contact the recycling officer in your local authority if there are no banks in your area and ask why; they may collect textiles through other means. Alternatively you can take used clothing to local charity shops.

Give old clothes/shoes/curtains/handbags etc. to jumble sales. Remember to tie shoes together: part of the 6% of textiles which is wastage for merchants are single shoes.

Buy second-hand clothes - you can often pick up unusual period pieces! If bought from a charity shop, it will also benefit a charity.

Buy things you are likely to wear a long time - a dedicated follower of fashion can also be a green one if items are chosen carefully.

Look for recycled content in the garments you buy. This should be on the label, though at present there is no conventional marking scheme and some companies do not always advertise the recycled content.

Buy cloth wipers instead of disposable paper products as the product can be used repeatedly.

INDIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY

For a long time our Motherland India was under a foreign Government. She got back her freedom on the 15th August 1947. Since then every year we have been observing the 15th August as our Independence Day.

We should observe the independence Day to remember our great national struggle and our great victory. It is a holy and auspicious day for us. Besides, this day reminds us our duty and responsibility for our country. On this day, we review what we have done during the year past. We think what we should do during the year beginning. On this day, we take the solemn pledge to serve our mother country. Our Independence Day is great occasion for us.

This day is observed with much pomp and grandeur in the cities and towns. It is quite fittingly celebrate in our national capital. New Delhi and in all the State capitals. On this day, we see the police parade and the march past. People rally round the National Flags of India. Flag-hoisting forms an important part of this ceremony. The National Anthem "Jana Gana Mana..." is sung everywhere. Our President, Prime Minister, Ministers, Governors and State ministers publish their messages to the Nation. All the educational institutions and organizations observe this day with morning-procession and flag-hoisting. Sweets are distributed among the children. Every house and every office building is highly decorated on this day. In the evening, meetings are held all over the country to commemorate our great national leaders and workers who sacrificed their lives for freedom of India.

It is scared duty of every Indian young and old to observe the independence day of India. It is the day on which we should sincerely promise to be dutiful to our Motherland. Our Independence day is a great occasion for us.